{"id":68723,"date":"2025-05-28T10:19:09","date_gmt":"2025-05-28T02:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/?p=68723"},"modified":"2025-05-28T10:19:09","modified_gmt":"2025-05-28T02:19:09","slug":"linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e4%b8%8e%e7%bb%84%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%ef%bc%9a%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/blog\/68723\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u8be6\u89e3\uff1a\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u5b9e\u6218\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cLinux\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4f4d\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5728\u53d7\u63a7\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u5173\u952e\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001Linux\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4f4d\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u5148\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u76f8\u5e94\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u9694\u79bb\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u90fd\u7531\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u7ec4\u51ed\u636e\u6765\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u8d26\u6237\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u51ed\u5bc6\u7801\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d26\u6237\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7684UID\/GID\u5212\u5206\u6807\u51c6<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Linux\u7528\u6237UID\u5212\u5206\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u6237\uff1aUID \u4e3a 0\uff08\u5373 root \u7528\u6237\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1aUID \u8303\u56f4\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a 1-65535<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Linux\u7528\u6237\u7ec4GID\u5212\u5206\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>CentOS 6 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\uff1a1-499\uff1b\u666e\u901a\u7ec4\uff1a500+<\/li>\n<li>CentOS 7 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\uff1a1-999\uff1b\u666e\u901a\u7ec4\uff1a1000+<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u770b root \u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># id root\r\nuid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u89e3<\/h2>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\/etc\/passwd<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001UID\u3001GID\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3001Shell\u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/etc\/group<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u7ec4\u540d\u3001GID\u3001\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/etc\/shadow<\/strong>\uff1a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u53ca\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/etc\/gshadow<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u53ca\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u67e5\u770b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># cat \/etc\/passwd\r\nroot:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">useradd -s \/bin\/bash -G developers -c \"Web Dev\" -d \/home\/devuser -m devuser\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-s<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a Shell<\/li>\n<li><code>-G<\/code>\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u9644\u52a0\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li><code>-c<\/code>\uff1a\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<li><code>-d<\/code>\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c<code>-m<\/code> \u540c\u65f6\u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2. \u521b\u5efa\u7ec4<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">groupadd -g 1500 devgroup\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>3. \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\r\nuserdel -r devuser\r\n\r\n# \u5220\u9664\u7ec4\r\ngroupdel devgroup\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>4. \u5207\u6362\u7528\u6237\u6216\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">su - username        # \u767b\u5f55\u5f0f\u5207\u6362\r\nsu username          # \u975e\u767b\u5f55\u5f0f\u5207\u6362\r\nsu - root -c 'ls'    # \u5207\u6362\u81f3root\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u5de7<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>usermod<\/code> \u53ef\u7075\u6d3b\u66f4\u6539\u7528\u6237\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">usermod -s \/bin\/zsh -d \/home\/dev -m -c \"DevOps User\" -G docker devuser\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4fee\u6539Shell\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u6ce8\u91ca\u4fe1\u606f\u53ca\u7528\u6237\u7ec4<\/li>\n<li><code>-m<\/code> \u8868\u793a\u79fb\u52a8\u65e7\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u81f3\u65b0\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u5bc6\u7801\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u5b89\u5168<\/h2>\n<p>Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7 <code>passwd<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">passwd devuser        # \u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801\r\npasswd -l devuser     # \u9501\u5b9a\u8d26\u53f7\r\npasswd -u devuser     # \u89e3\u9501\u8d26\u53f7\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5305\u542b\u5927\u5199\u3001\u5c0f\u5199\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u7279\u6b8a\u7b26\u53f7\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u79cd\u5b57\u7b26<\/li>\n<li>\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e8e8\u4f4d<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u6362\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u590d\u5bc6\u7801<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">[root@localhost ~]# passwd devuser\r\nChanging password for user devuser.\r\nNew password:\r\nRetype new password:\r\npasswd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u6218\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u63a8\u8350<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7ef4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u7528\u6237\u9694\u79bb\u3001\u6743\u9650\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u4f18\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/fwq.ai\/\"><strong>\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong><\/a>\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u90e8\u7f72\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u642d\u5efa\u5f00\u53d1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5747\u53ef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fdVPS\u4ea7\u54c1\u56e0\u5176\u9ad8\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u4e0e\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u7ad9\u957f\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u533a\u57df\u4e1a\u52a1\u62d3\u5c55\u65f6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5177\u5907\u5929\u7136\u7684\u5730\u57df\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4f18\u5316\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u6548\u7387\u3002\u914d\u5408\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u57fa\u7840\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u90e8\u7f72\u5c06\u66f4\u4e3a\u987a\u7545\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u524d\u8a00 \u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7684\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u591a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0cLinux\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4f4d\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u5728\u53d7\u63a7\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u5feb\u901f\u638c\u63e1\u5173\u952e\u6280\u5de7\u3002 \u4e00\u3001Linux\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5 \u6bcf\u4f4d\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u5148\u7531\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7\u5e76\u8d4b\u4e88\u76f8\u5e94\u6743\u9650\u3002\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u9694\u79bb\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u3002 \u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u90fd\u7531\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u7ec4\u51ed\u636e\u6765\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u8d26\u6237\u6240\u6709\u8005\u53ef\u51ed\u5bc6\u7801\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d26\u6237\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002 \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7684UID\/GID\u5212\u5206\u6807\u51c6 Linux\u7528\u6237UID\u5212\u5206\uff1a \u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u8d26\u6237\uff1aUID \u4e3a 0\uff08\u5373 root \u7528\u6237\uff09 \u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\uff1aUID \u8303\u56f4\u4e00\u822c\u4e3a 1-65535 Linux\u7528\u6237\u7ec4GID\u5212\u5206\uff1a CentOS 6 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\uff1a1-499\uff1b\u666e\u901a\u7ec4\uff1a500+ CentOS 7 \u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\uff1a1-999\uff1b\u666e\u901a\u7ec4\uff1a1000+ \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u770b root \u7528\u6237\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a # id root uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) \u4e8c\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8be6\u89e3 Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a \/etc\/passwd\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001UID\u3001GID\u3001\u4e3b\u76ee\u5f55\u3001Shell\u7b49\uff09 \/etc\/group\uff1a\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u7ec4\u540d\u3001GID\u3001\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7b49\uff09 \/etc\/shadow\uff1a\u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5bc6\u7801\u53ca\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565 \/etc\/gshadow\uff1a\u7ec4\u5bc6\u7801\u53ca\u9644\u52a0\u4fe1\u606f \u67e5\u770b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a # cat \/etc\/passwd root:x:0:0:root:\/root:\/bin\/bash \u4e09\u3001\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4 1. \u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237 useradd -s \/bin\/bash -G developers -c &#8220;Web Dev&#8221; -d 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